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Colonoscopy
Overview
A colonoscopy is a safe and effective diagnostic procedure used to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon and rectum). It helps detect and prevent various gastrointestinal conditions, including colorectal cancer. This procedure involves the use of a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope, equipped with a light and camera, which provides real-time visualization of the colon.
Purpose of a Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is recommended for:
- Investigating symptoms such as ‘gas trouble’, chronic abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, persistent diarrhea, or unexplained weight loss.
- Screening for colorectal cancer, especially in individuals aged 45 and above or those with a family history of the disease.
- Diagnosing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), polyps, or diverticulitis.
- Monitoring existing conditions or evaluating treatment effectiveness.
- Removing polyps or taking tissue samples (biopsies) for further analysis.
What to Expect During the Procedure
- Preparation
- Proper bowel preparation is essential to ensure clear visualization. Patients are typically instructed to follow a light diet and take prescribed laxatives the day before the procedure.
- Your doctor will provide specific instructions regarding medications, which may need to be adjusted before the procedure.
- Procedure Steps
- The patient lies on their side, and a sedative will be administered for comfort.
- The colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and guided through the colon.
- Air or carbon dioxide is used to inflate the colon slightly for better visualization.
- The doctor examines the lining of the colon, removes polyps if found, and may take biopsies.
- Duration
- The procedure usually takes 10–30 minutes.
- Recovery
- After the procedure, patients are monitored until the sedative wears off.
- Mild bloating or cramping is common but resolves quickly.
Benefits
- Detects and prevents colorectal cancer by identifying and removing polyps.
- Provides accurate diagnoses of various gastrointestinal conditions.
- Allows for immediate therapeutic interventions, such as polyp removal.
Risks
Colonoscopy is generally safe, but potential risks include:
- Mild bleeding, especially after polyp removal.
- Rare complications such as perforation of the colon.
- Adverse reactions to sedatives.
When to Contact a Doctor
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain or persistent bloating.
- Heavy rectal bleeding or black stools.
- Fever or chills after the procedure.
