Management of Colonic Bleeding, Tumors, and Cancers

Expert Care for Colonic Health

What is Colonic Bleeding, and Why Does it Occur?

Colonic bleeding refers to bleeding originating from the colon (large intestine). It can range from mild to severe and may indicate underlying conditions such as tumors, cancers, or other gastrointestinal disorders. Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to address the cause and prevent complications.

At Central Gastro, we provide comprehensive evaluation and management of colonic bleeding, tumors, and cancers using advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans.

Causes of Colonic Bleeding

Colonic bleeding may result from various conditions, including:

• Diverticular Disease: Small pouches in the colon wall that can bleed.
• Hemorrhoids or Anal Fissures: Common causes of rectal bleeding.
• Colorectal Polyps: Benign growths that may bleed or progress to cancer.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease causing inflammation and ulcers in the colon.
• Colon Cancer: One of the most serious causes of colonic bleeding.
• Angiodysplasia: Fragile blood vessels in the colon.
• Infections: Gastroenteritis or other infections causing inflammation.

What Are Colonic Tumors and Cancers?

• Colonic Tumors: Abnormal growths in the colon, which may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
• Colorectal Cancer: A type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, often starting as benign polyps. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide.

Symptoms of Colonic Bleeding, Tumors, and Cancers

• Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool.
• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrowed stools).
• Abdominal pain or cramping.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Fatigue or weakness.
• Anemia caused by chronic blood loss.

If you experience these symptoms, early evaluation is crucial for effective management.

Diagnosis of Colonic Bleeding, Tumors, and Cancers

At Central Gastro, we use advanced diagnostic techniques to identify the cause of colonic bleeding and assess tumors or cancers:

1. Colonoscopy

• Gold standard for visualizing the colon and rectum.
• Allows for biopsy or removal of polyps during the procedure.

2. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

• Examines the lower part of the colon for abnormalities.

3. Imaging Studies

• CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): Non-invasive imaging of the colon.
• MRI or CT Scan: Detects tumors and assesses their spread.

4. Stool Tests

• Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): Detects hidden blood in the stool.
• Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT): Identifies blood from the lower gastrointestinal tract.

5. Blood Tests

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Checks for anemia caused by blood loss.
• Tumor Markers (CEA): Monitors colorectal cancer progression or recurrence.

Treatment Options at Central Gastro

1. Management of Colonic Bleeding

• Endoscopic Therapy: 
  • Thermal coagulation, injection therapy, or clipping to stop active bleeding.
• Medications: 
  • Treat underlying conditions like IBD or infections.
• Surgical Intervention: 
  • For severe bleeding unresponsive to other treatments.

2. Treatment of Colonic Tumors and Polyps

• Polypectomy: 
  • Removal of benign polyps during colonoscopy to prevent progression to cancer.
• Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR): 
  • Minimally invasive removal of larger polyps or early-stage tumors.
• Surveillance: 
  • Regular monitoring for recurrence or new growths.

3. Management of Colorectal Cancer

• Surgical Resection: 
  • Removal of cancerous sections of the colon.
• Chemotherapy: 
  • To target cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
• Radiation Therapy: 
  • Often used for rectal cancer before or after surgery.
• Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: 
  • Advanced options for metastatic or resistant cancers.

Preventing Colonic Tumors and Cancers

• Routine Screening: 
  • Regular colonoscopies starting at age 45 (or earlier for high-risk individuals).
• Healthy Lifestyle: 
  • Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
• Awareness of Family History: 
  • Inform your doctor about any family history of colorectal cancer or polyps.

When to Seek Care

If you experience rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, or persistent changes in bowel habits, contact us immediately. Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful outcomes.