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Sigmoidoscopy
Overview
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the lower part of the large intestine, including the rectum and sigmoid colon. This minimally invasive procedure allows gastroenterologists to diagnose, monitor, and treat a variety of gastrointestinal conditions. It is often recommended for individuals experiencing symptoms like rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or lower abdominal pain.
Purpose of a Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is performed to:
- Investigate symptoms such as rectal bleeding, chronic diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain.
- Screen for colorectal cancer or polyps in the lower colon.
- Diagnose conditions like ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, or diverticulosis.
- Monitor existing gastrointestinal conditions.
- Perform minor treatments such as polyp removal or tissue biopsies.
What to Expect During the Procedure
- Preparation
- Patients may need to follow a special diet (usually a clear liquid diet) the day before the procedure.
- A bowel-cleansing preparation, such as an enema or laxative, is required to ensure clear visibility of the colon lining.
- Procedure Steps
- The patient lies on their side on an examination table.
- A sigmoidoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera, is gently inserted into the rectum.
- The doctor examines the lining of the rectum and sigmoid colon for abnormalities.
- Air may be used to inflate the colon slightly, providing better visualization.
- Duration
- The procedure typically takes 5–15 minutes.
- Recovery
- Patients can usually return to normal activities immediately after the procedure.
- Mild bloating or discomfort is common but temporary.
- Driving restrictions are minimal unless sedation is used (less common with sigmoidoscopy).
Benefits
- Minimally invasive and requires less preparation than a full colonoscopy.
- Effective for diagnosing issues in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
- Allows for early detection and treatment of polyps or other abnormalities.
Risks
Sigmoidoscopy is generally safe, but potential risks include:
- Minor bleeding, especially after a biopsy or polyp removal.
- Rare complications such as perforation of the colon or rectum.
When to Contact a Doctor
Contact your doctor if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain or bloating.
- Heavy rectal bleeding or persistent discomfort.
- Fever or chills after the procedure.
