Comprehensive Care for Pancreatic Health

What Are Pancreatic Cysts and Pseudocysts?

Pancreatic cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or within the pancreas. While some are benign, others may pose a risk of cancer and require careful evaluation. Pseudocysts, often associated with pancreatitis, are a specific type of non-cancerous cyst that contains fluid and inflammatory tissue.

At Central Gastro, we specialize in diagnosing and managing pancreatic cysts and pseudocysts, using advanced techniques to provide personalized care and minimize complications.

Types of Pancreatic Cysts

1. Pseudocysts:

• Typically develop in acute or chronic pancreatitis.
• Contain pancreatic enzymes and inflammatory fluid but lack a true cyst lining.

2. Serous Cystadenomas (SCAs):

• Benign cysts filled with clear fluid. Rarely cause symptoms or require intervention.

3. Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms (MCNs):

• Can be precancerous or cancerous. Often occur in women and may require surgical removal.

4. Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs):

• Grow in the pancreatic ducts and may progress to cancer. Careful monitoring or surgery is often required.

5. Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms (SPNs):

• Rare, low-grade malignant cystic tumors that typically affect younger women.

Symptoms of Pancreatic Cysts and Pseudocysts

While some pancreatic cysts and pseudocysts may be asymptomatic, others can cause:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort, often in the upper abdomen.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Bloating or a feeling of fullness.
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) if the cyst obstructs bile flow.
• Fever, chills, or infection in the case of infected cysts.

If symptoms occur, prompt evaluation is necessary to prevent complications.

Complications of Pancreatic Cysts and Pseudocysts

Without proper management, pancreatic cysts and pseudocysts can lead to:

• Infections: Infected cysts may require drainage or antibiotics.
• Rupture: Can lead to internal bleeding or severe infection.
• Blockages: Obstruction of pancreatic or bile ducts.
• Malignancy: Some cysts, such as MCNs or IPMNs, may become cancerous.
• Pain or Discomfort: Due to the size or location of the cyst.

Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cysts and Pseudocysts

At Central Gastro, we use advanced diagnostic tools to accurately identify and evaluate pancreatic cysts:

1. Imaging Studies:

• CT Scan: Provides detailed images to assess the size, shape, and location of the cyst.
• MRI/MRCP (Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography): Non-invasive imaging to evaluate cyst structure and ductal involvement.
• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): High-resolution imaging and the option to obtain cyst fluid samples for analysis. (LINK)

2. Cyst Fluid Analysis:

• Assesses tumor markers and molecular changes to determine the cyst’s potential for malignancy.

3. Blood Tests:

Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cysts and Pseudocysts

Our treatment approach at Central Gastro is tailored to the type, size, and symptoms of the cyst or pseudocyst:

1. Observation and Monitoring

• For small, asymptomatic cysts with a low risk of malignancy.
• Regular imaging (e.g., CT, MRI, or EUS) to monitor changes in size or characteristics.

2. Endoscopic Drainage

• EUS-Guided Drainage: For symptomatic pseudocysts or infected cysts. (LINK)
• Minimally invasive procedure to place a stent and drain fluid.

3. Surgical Intervention

• Cystectomy: Surgical removal of cysts at risk of malignancy, such as MCNs or IPMNs.
• Pancreatic Resection: Removal of part of the pancreas containing the cyst.

4. Treatment for Complications

5. Lifestyle Modifications