What is Cirrhosis?

Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease characterized by scarring (fibrosis) of the liver tissue. It occurs as a result of chronic liver damage from conditions such as viral hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or autoimmune hepatitis. As cirrhosis progresses, the liver’s ability to function declines, leading to a range of complications.

At Central Gastro, we provide comprehensive care to manage cirrhosis and its complications, helping you maintain the best possible quality of life.

Complications of Cirrhosis

1. Portal Hypertension

Increased blood pressure in the veins supplying the liver can lead to:

• Varices (Esophageal or Gastric): Enlarged veins prone to bleeding.
• Ascites: Fluid accumulation in the abdomen.
• Splenomegaly: Enlarged spleen, leading to low blood counts.

2. Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)

Impaired liver function allows toxins like ammonia to build up in the bloodstream, leading to confusion, memory problems, and, in severe cases, coma.

3. Ascites and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)

• Ascites: Fluid retention in the abdomen, causing discomfort and difficulty breathing.
• SBP: Infection of the ascitic fluid, a potentially life-threatening condition.

4. Jaundice and Coagulation Disorders

• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels.
• Coagulation Issues: Impaired blood clotting, increasing the risk of bleeding and bruising.

5. Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

A severe form of kidney failure associated with advanced liver disease.

6. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of developing primary liver cancer.

Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cirrhosis Complications

At Central Gastro, we use advanced diagnostic tools to identify and manage cirrhosis-related complications:

• Blood Tests: To assess liver function, clotting factors, and kidney function.
• Imaging Studies: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to evaluate liver structure, portal hypertension, or detect liver cancer.
• Endoscopy: To identify and monitor esophageal or gastric varices.
• Liver Biopsy: In select cases to confirm the extent of liver damage.
• Ascitic Fluid Analysis: To diagnose spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

1.Management of Cirrhosis Complications

1. Portal Hypertension and Varices

• Endoscopic Variceal Ligation (EVL): A minimally invasive procedure to tie off bleeding varices.
• Beta-Blockers: To reduce portal pressure and prevent variceal bleeding.
• Shunt Procedures (TIPS): Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt to relieve pressure in the portal vein. (LINK TO PAGE)

2. Hepatic Encephalopathy

• Medications: 
  • Lactulose: To reduce toxin absorption in the intestines.
  • Rifaximin: An antibiotic to reduce toxin-producing gut bacteria.
• Dietary Adjustments: High-protein diets tailored to reduce symptoms while preventing malnutrition.

3. Ascites and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)

• Diuretics: Such as spironolactone or furosemide to reduce fluid buildup.
• Paracentesis: A procedure to remove excess fluid from the abdomen.
• Antibiotics: For SBP prevention or treatment.

4. Jaundice and Coagulation Disorders

• Vitamin K Supplements: To improve clotting ability.
• Plasma Transfusions: In severe cases of bleeding.

5. Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

• Albumin Infusions: To improve kidney function.
• Medications: Such as vasoconstrictors to support kidney blood flow.
• Dialysis: For advanced kidney failure.

6. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (LINK TO PAGE)

• Regular Surveillance: Ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing every 6 months for early detection.
• Treatment Options: Surgery, ablation, or liver transplant in eligible patients.

Lifestyle Modifications for Cirrhosis Management

• Avoid Alcohol: To prevent further liver damage.
• Low-Sodium Diet: To manage ascites and fluid retention.
• Nutritional Support: Balanced diets to address malnutrition.
• Regular Exercise: To improve muscle strength and overall health.

Advanced Care for Cirrhosis at Central Gastro

At Central Gastro, we provide state-of-the-art care for cirrhosis and its complications:

• Multidisciplinary Approach: Collaboration between gastroenterologists, hepatologists, and dietitians.
• Comprehensive Monitoring: Regular check-ups and imaging to track disease progression.
• Access to Liver Transplant Services: Referral and preparation for transplant when necessary.
• Patient Education: Empowering you to manage your condition effectively.

When to Seek Treatment for Cirrhosis

If you experience symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal swelling, confusion, or severe fatigue, contact us immediately. Early management of complications can improve outcomes and prevent further liver damage.