What is Acute Liver Failure?

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but severe condition characterized by the rapid loss of liver function, occurring within days or weeks in individuals without pre-existing liver disease. This life-threatening condition can lead to complications such as jaundice, bleeding disorders, and encephalopathy. Immediate medical attention is critical for survival and recovery.

At Central Gastro, we specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of acute liver failure, providing expert, compassionate care to stabilize and restore liver function.

Causes of Acute Liver Failure

Acute liver failure can result from a variety of conditions, including:

1. Drug-Induced Liver Injury:

• Acetaminophen Overdose: The most common cause in developed countries.
• Prescription Medications: Certain antibiotics, NSAIDs, or anti-seizure medications.
• Herbal Supplements: Unregulated or toxic ingredients can damage the liver.

2. Viral Hepatitis:

• Hepatitis A, B, or E infections leading to rapid liver inflammation.

3. Autoimmune Hepatitis:

• Immune system attacking liver cells.

4. Ischemic Hepatitis:

• Reduced blood flow to the liver due to shock or heart failure.

5. Wilson’s Disease:

• A rare genetic disorder causing copper accumulation in the liver.

6. Toxins:

• Poisoning from substances like mushrooms (Amanita phalloides) or industrial chemicals.

7. Unknown Causes:

• In some cases, the exact cause cannot be identified (idiopathic acute liver failure).

Symptoms of Acute Liver Failure

The symptoms of acute liver failure may develop suddenly and worsen rapidly, including:

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
• Fatigue and confusion (hepatic encephalopathy).
• Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort.
• Swelling in the abdomen (ascites).
• Easy bruising or bleeding (coagulopathy).
• Dark urine and pale stools.
• Severe itching.

If you or a loved one experience these symptoms, seek emergency medical care immediately.

Complications of Acute Liver Failure

Untreated acute liver failure leads to severe complications, such as:

• Cerebral Edema: Swelling of the brain causing pressure and neurological issues.
• Multi-Organ Failure: Failure of the kidneys, lungs, or heart due to systemic effects.
• Sepsis: Life-threatening infections due to weakened immunity.
• Bleeding Disorders: Impaired clotting leading to severe internal bleeding.
• Death: Without timely intervention, acute liver failure caries high mortality.

Diagnosis of Acute Liver Failure

At Central Gastro, we use advanced diagnostic tools to quickly identify the cause and severity of acute liver failure:

1. Blood Tests:

• Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
• Coagulation Profile
• Ammonia
• Electrolyte and Kidney Function Tests

2. Imaging Studies:

• Ultrasound or Doppler Ultrasound
• CT or MRI Scans

3. Viral and Toxicology Screening:

• Detects hepatitis viruses, drug toxicity, or other pathogens.

4. Genetic and Autoimmune Testing:

• Evaluates for Wilson’s disease, autoimmune hepatitis, or metabolic disorders.

Treatment Options for Acute Liver Failure

Our team at Central Gastro provides comprehensive, lifesaving care for acute liver failure:

1. Supportive Care:
2. Medications:
3. Managing Complications:
4. Liver Transplant Evaluation:

• For cases where liver function cannot be restored, liver transplantation may be the only option.
• Coordination with top transplant centers for seamless referral and care.

When to Seek Emergency Care

If you experience sudden jaundice, confusion, or unexplained bleeding, seek immediate medical attention. Early intervention can save lives and prevent complications.