Achalasia Cardia Management

Advanced Care for Swallowing Difficulties and Esophageal Health

What is Achalasia Cardia?

Achalasia cardia is a rare disorder of the esophagus in which the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to relax properly, making it difficult for food and liquids to pass into the stomach. Over time, this condition can cause severe swallowing difficulties, discomfort, and complications such as weight loss and malnutrition.

At Central Gastro, we offer state-of-the-art diagnosis and tailored treatment options for achalasia cardia, helping patients regain comfortable swallowing and improve their quality of life.

Symptoms of Achalasia Cardia

Common symptoms include:

• Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): A sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest.
• Regurgitation: Food or liquids flowing back into the throat or mouth.
• Chest Pain: Often described as pressure or discomfort after eating.
• Heartburn or Acid Reflux-Like Symptoms: Caused by retained food in the esophagus.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Due to eating difficulties.
• Frequent Coughing or Choking: Especially at night.

What Causes Achalasia Cardia?

The exact cause of achalasia cardia is not always known, but it occurs due to the degeneration of nerves in the esophagus, leading to:

• Failure of the LES to relax during swallowing.
• Loss of normal esophageal muscle contractions (peristalsis).

Achalasia is not caused by lifestyle factors or diet, and its progression is typically slow but persistent.

Diagnosis of Achalasia Cardia

At Central Gastro, we use advanced diagnostic techniques to accurately identify achalasia:

• Esophageal Manometry: Measures pressure in the esophagus and evaluates LES function.
• Barium Swallow Test: Uses X-rays to visualize the flow of liquid through the esophagus and identify narrowing or blockage.
• Upper Endoscopy (EGD): Directly examines the esophagus to rule out other causes of swallowing difficulties.

Treatment Options for Achalasia Cardia

1. Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)

How it Works: A minimally invasive endoscopic procedure where the LES muscle is cut to relieve obstruction and restore swallowing.

• Benefits: 
  • No external incisions.
  • Short recovery time.
  • Effective for all types of achalasia.

2. Pneumatic Dilation

• How it Works: A balloon is inserted and inflated to stretch the LES, improving the passage of food.
• Ideal For: Patients seeking a non-surgical option, though it may require repeat treatments over time.

3. Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM)

• How it Works: A surgical procedure that cuts the LES muscle, often combined with a partial fundoplication to prevent reflux.
• Benefits: Durable results for severe or long-standing achalasia.

4. Medications

• Types: Nitrates or calcium channel blockers to reduce LES pressure.
• When Used: Generally for patients who cannot undergo other treatments or as a bridge to definitive therapy.

Why Early Treatment is Important

Without treatment, achalasia can lead to:

• Progressive esophageal dilation (megaesophagus).
• Malnutrition and significant weight loss.
• Increased risk of esophageal infections or cancer.

Seeking timely care ensures the best outcomes and prevents complications.

When to Seek Treatment for Achalasia Cardia

If you experience persistent swallowing difficulties, chest pain, or unexplained weight loss, it’s essential to seek medical evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and restore your quality of life.